अक्सर हम पहाड़ों पर बर्फबारी का आनंद लेते हुए लोगों को देखते हैं। आए दिन बर्फबारी का लुत्फ उठाते सैलानियों की तस्वीरें अखबारों में छपती रहती हैं। दुनिया में कई ऐसी जगहें हैं, जो बर्फबारी के लिए ही मशहूर हैं। अब भी इस बात की कोई पक्की खबर नहीं कि बर्फ कहां से आया, हालांकि यह जरूर कहा जाता है कि सदियों पहले हिमयुग था यानी दुनिया ने बर्फ का कंबल ओढ़ रखा था और इसी कंबल में से धीरे-धीरे जिंदगी एक फूल की तरह जन्मी। – The origin of ice and the mystery behind it.
स्नोफाल के खूबसूरत नजारे वास्तव में क्रिस्टल है
आज के समय में बर्फीले मौसम का आनंद उठाने दुनिया भर से लोग सैर करने जाते हैं। कहते है 13वीं से 17वीं शताब्दी तक एक हिमयुग आया, जिसमें हिमालय का एक बड़ा हिस्सा दब गया था। इस पर वैज्ञानिकों का कहना हैं कि केदारनाथ का मंदिर 400 साल तक बर्फ में ढका रहा। आपको बता दें कि बर्फ को 421 तरह से पुकारा जाता है। कहते हैं कि उत्तरी ध्रुव में रहने वाले बर्फ के आदिवासी इनुइट लोगों ने बर्फ के 50 नाम रखे हुए हैं। जिस स्नोफाल के खूबसूरत नजारे हम देखते हैं, वह वास्तव में क्रिस्टल जैसी होती है, जिसके आर-पार रोशनी के गुजरने की वजह से वह सफेद दिखाई देता है।
2 डिग्री से तापमान कम होने पर सपाट क्रिस्टल बनते हैं
यह तो हम सब जानते हैं कि तापमान 0 से 2 डिग्री कम होता है तो बर्फ जमती है और इससे भी कम तापमान होने पर सपाट क्रिस्टल बनते हैं। अलग-अलग तापमान पर जब हिमपात होता है तो यह क्रिस्टल रोयेंदार आकार के दिखने लगते है। आपको बता दें कि स्नोफाल के वक्त 35 अलग-अलग प्रकार के हिमकण बनते हैं, जो बड़े घनाकार टुकड़ों से लेकर पंख जैसे पतले आकार के होते हैं। कुछ लोगों के लिए बर्फबारी सुखद एहसास है तो वहीं कुछ बर्फबारी से डरते भी हैं।
हैइग्लू की बनावट रजाई या स्वेटर की तरह की जाती हैं
आपको बता दें कि जिन लोगों को बर्फबारी से डर लगता हैं उसे कयानोफोबिया कहते हैं। ऐसे लोग बर्फबारी होते ही सिहर जाते हैं और उन्हें लगता है कि वह बर्फ के नीचे दब जाएंगे। एस्किमो आर्कटिक क्षेत्रो में भी पाए जाते हैं, जिन्हे ठंड से घिरे मौसम में रहने की आदत होती है। यही एस्किमो इग्लू का निर्माण करते हैं, जिसमें बर्फ के ठोस टुकड़ों को आपस में जोड़कर गुंबदनुमा आकर के छोटे घर बनाए जाते हैं। इग्लू की बनावट रजाई या स्वेटर की ही तरह की जाती हैं।
इग्लू 100 डिग्री तक अधिक गर्म होता है
यह इग्लू बाहर की तुलना में अंदर से 100 डिग्री तक अधिक गर्म हो सकते है। एस्किमो का अर्थ है कच्चा मांस खाने वाला व्यक्ति। अलग-अलग एस्किमो की बोली और उनकी भाषा भी अलग होती है। बर्फ में पेड़-पौधे ना होने की वजह से एस्किमो मांस खाकर अपना पेट भरते है। बर्फीले इलाकों में बहुत से जानवर बर्फ के भीतर हीं गहराई तक खुदाई करके छुपाने के ठिकाने बना लेते हैं। – The origin of ice and the mystery behind it.
गोल्डन टेंपल देश की पहली एसी बोगी है
बर्फ जमाने वाली मशीन पहली बार 14 जुलाई 1550 को प्रदर्शिंत हुई थी, जिसके बाद से बर्फ के कई प्रयोग होने लगे। इस दौरान एक रोमांचक प्रयोग फ्रंटियर मेल नामक रेलगाड़ी भी था, जो अब 91 साल की हो गई है और अब उसका नाम बदल कर गोल्डन टेंपल रखा गया हैं। यह देश की पहली एसी बोगी थी, जिसमें ठंडक के लिए बर्फ की सिल्लियां रखी जाती थीं। यह ट्रेन मुंबई से अफगान बार्डर पेशावर तक की लम्बी दूरी तय करती थी।
चाल्र्स द्वितीय ने पहली बार चखा था आइसक्रीम
यह ट्रेन अंग्रेज अफसरों से लेकर आजादी के दीवानों की भी बहुत मदद की। महात्मा गांधी तथा नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस भी इस ट्रेन में कई बार सफर तय कर चुके हैं। आज के समय में बर्फ का नाम सुनते ही हमें गोला, आइसक्रीम, पेप्सी कैंडी जैसे नाम याद आते हैं। साल 1671 में पहली बार ब्रिटेन के शासक चाल्र्स द्वितीय ने आइसक्रीम चखा तो उन्हे इसका स्वाद इतना पसंद आया कि वह आइसक्रीम बनाने वाले को रेसिपी गुप्त रखने के लिए आजीवन पेंशन दिए। आइसक्रीम के स्वाद के अनुसार ही उसकी आविष्कार की कहानी भी बेहद दिलचस्प है।
मारी के राजा ने बनाया था बर्फ का घर
आइसक्रीम का पहला लिखित रिकार्ड सीरिया का है। साल 1789 ईसा पूर्व पत्थर और अंकित प्राचीन लिपि के अनुसार मारी के राजा ने बर्फ का घर बनाया था। इस घर को बनाने के लिए पहाड़ों से बर्फ लाकर जमा की जाती थी। पर्शियन लोग भी सर्दियों की बर्फ और फलों के रस को बर्फ के घरों में पुरे साल संभालकर रखते थे। आपको बता दे कि ठंडक देने के अलावा भी बर्फ के काफी फायदे होते हैं, जैसे कि बच्चे दवा नहीं खाना चाहते हैं ऐसे में अगर उनके मुंह में छोटा सा बर्फ का टुकड़ा डाल दे तो वह तुरंत ही दवा खा लेते हैं
बर्फ के फायदे
यूं तो बर्फ सेहत के लिए हानिकारक होता है परंतु बर्फ का थोड़ा सा टुकड़ा खाने से खाना जल्दी पच जाता है इसके अलावा मेकअप करने से पहले किसी मरवा के कपड़े में लपेट कर उसे चेहरे पर घुमा लेने से त्वचा कसावट आ जाती है जिससे चेहरे के निखार बढ़ जाती हैं चोट पर बर्फ लगाने से खून तुरंत बंद हो जाता है तथा अंदरूनी चोट पर लगाने से खून जमता नहीं है और दर्द भी ठीक हो सकता है। साथ हीं नकसीर होने पर बर्फ को कपड़े में लपेटकर नाक के चारों ओर रखने से थोड़ी देर में खून निकलना बंद हो जाता है। – The origin of ice and the mystery behind it
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