हमारे देश मे तरह तरह की पेड़-पौधें उपजते है। जिनका अपना अलग अलग महत्व है।सबकी अलग-अलग खासियत और अहमियत है।उन्ही में से एक है चंदन का पेड़। जिसे “लाल सोना”भी कहा जाता हैं।चंदन के पेड़ की अपनी ही खासियत और महत्व है जैसे-धार्मिक महत्व,व्यवसायिक महत्व,परंपरा और भी बहुत कुछ।इसी चंदन की पेड़ की वजह से आंध्र प्रदेश और तमिलनाडु की सीमा शेषाचलम में युद्ध हुआ और इस युद्ध के कारण बहुत लोगो ने अपनी जान गवाई।
लाल चंदन उर्फ रक्त चंदन:-
रक्त चंदन अपने नाम पे ही गया है और रक्त की तरह लाल होता हैं।लाल चंदन का अधिक प्रयोग शैव और शाक्त को मानने वाले लोग करते हैं।तथा पीले चंदन का उपयोग वैष्णव मत वाले लोग अधिक करते है।16 प्रजातियां है विश्व भर में चंदन की।जिसमे-सेन्तलम एल्बम प्रजातियां अवषधिये गुण वाली और सबसे सुगंधित होती है।
वैज्ञानिक नाम:-
रक्त चंदन का वैज्ञानिक नाम टैरोकार्पस सैंटन्स है।इसमें कोई सफेद चंदन जैसी महक नही होती है।इनका इस्तेमाल ईत्र, दवा,पूज,फर्नीचर के साथ साथ सजावटी सामानों के लिए किया जाता है।इसका इस्तेमाल आप प्रकीर्तिक रंग या शराब बनाने के लिए भी कर सकते है।
तमिलनाडु और आंध्र प्रदेश में पाए जाते है:-
रक्त चंदन का पेड़ ज्यादातर आपको तमिलनाडु या आंध्र प्रदेश में देखने को मिलता है।मुख्यत चार जिलों में चितुर, करप्पा,कुरनूल और नेल्लोर में फैले शेषाचलम के पहाड़ो में अधिक मात्रा में रक्त चंदन पाए जाते है।इसके पेड़ की ऊँचाई 8 से 11 मीटर की होती है।ऐसा कहते है कि रक्त चंदन की लड़की का घनत्व अधिक होता है।
अंतरराष्ट्रीय बाज़ारो में डिमांड अधिक:-
रक्त चंदन की डिमांड अंतरराष्ट्रीय बाज़ारो में अधिक है।इसलिए रक्त चंदन की पेड़ो की सुरक्षा की जाती है।साथ ही साथ इसके पहचान को भी लेके काफी सतर्कता बरतनी पड़ती है।इसकी पहचान करने का एक ही तरीका है कि इसका घनत्व जिसके कारण ये पानी मे तेजी से डूबता है।
रक्त चंदन की काफी तस्करी भी होती है क्योंकि इसकी डिमांड और कीमत दोनों अधिक है और उत्पादन कम।शेषाचलम करीबन सवा दो लाख हेक्टेयर में फैला हुआ है इसलिए यहाँ बहुत करा पहरा होता हैं।अगर कोई यहाँ तस्करी करते पकड़ा जाता है तो उसे 11 साल की सजा होती है।
विदेशों के लोग लगाते है बोली:-
आंध्र प्रदेश के वन विभाग के वेबसाइट के मुताबिक ज्यादातर विदेशी देश इसकी बोली लागते है जैसे-जापान,चीन,सिंगापुर,ऑस्ट्रेलिया,संयुक्त अरब अमीरात साथ ही साथ कुछ पश्चिमी देश के करीबन 400 से अधिक व्यापारी बोली लगाते है।जिसमे अधिकतर 150 चीनी कारोबारी ही होते हैं।
विदेशों में है काफी मांग:-
विदेशों में रक्त चंदन की काफी मांग रहती है।जापान में इसकी मांग बहुत होती है साथ ही साथ चीन में चौदहवीं-सत्रहवीं शताब्दी के मध्य तक राज्य करने वाले मिंग विंश में रक्त चंदन की काफी मांग थी।क्योंकि वहाँ शादी के वक़्त पारंपरिक वाद्य शमिशेन इसी रक्त चंदन से बनते थे। परन्तु ये परंपरा अब धीरे धीरे खत्म हो रही हैं।
सबसे बड़ी चिंता तस्करी:-
लाल चंदन के इतनी डिमांड है कि इसकी तस्करी सड़क,जल वायु तीनो रास्तों से होती है।कई तस्कर तो पाउडर के रूप में भी इसकी तस्करी करते हैं।क्योंकि लाल चंदन का इस्तेमाल फर्नीचर,अवषधि और पारंपरिक वाध यंत्र बनाने के लिए किया जाता है।
कैसी होनी चाहिए मिट्टी:-
रक्त चंदन की खास बात ये है कि इसकी खेती आप किसी भी मिट्टी में कर सकते हैं।परन्तु सबसे अच्छी मिट्टी काले दानेदार और रेतीली मिट्टी,चिकनी मिट्टी,लाल मिट्टी वाली होती है चंदन के पेड़ के लिए।लाल चंदन की खेती आप वहाँ नही कर सकते जहाँ पानी का जमाव होता है।
नियम कानून:-
लाल चंदन की खेती करने के लिए कुछ नियम कानून भी है जैसे:-सरकारी निर्देश अनुसार चंदन की लड़की को आप आप 12 साल से पहले नही काट सकते हैं। 2002 में सरकार ने चंदन के पेड़ को लगाने पे पाबंदी लगा दी थी।परन्तु फिर 2012 में अनुमति दे दी गयी।क्योंकि सरकार ने तब बोला था कि इसकी चोई होने पर सरकार या कानून कोई मदद नही करेगा।आपको पेड़ की सुरक्षा की जिमेदारी खुद ही उठानी पड़ेगी।परन्तु चंदन की लड़की को आप नही काट सकते हैं।उसके लिए आपको फारेस्ट डिपार्टमेंट की आज्ञा लेनी होगी साथ ही साथ आप इसे बेच भी नही सकते है फारेस्ट डिपार्टमेंट ही बेच के आपको पैसा देता है।
स्तन कैंसर के लिए उपयोगी:-
लाल चन्दन की लड़की स्तन कैंसर वालो के लिए उपयोगी होती है।अमेरिका के सेज जर्नल ऑफ ब्रैस्ट कैंसर बेसिक एंड क्लीनिकल रिसर्च के हिसाब से ,बिहार के वैज्ञानिकों के द्वारा रक्त चंदन पर किये गए शोध की सराहना की है।क्योंकि वैज्ञानिकों ने रक्त चंदन में मौजूद प्रतिरोधक छमता के बारे में नई खोज की है।जिससे कि स्तन कैंसर की प्रतिरोधक छमता की मौजूदगी का पता लगया जा सकता है।
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